It is significant to master the metal flowing mechanism of high-speed cold roll beating (HSCRB) for forming quality control. The involute spline was formed at room temperature, the stress distribution and metal flowing displacement of the parts were analyzed by simulation, and the microstructure and hardness of the parts were studied by experiment. The results show that the stress at the groove is the largest and transmitted to the surrounding, and the bottom land, tooth side, and top land decrease successively. The metal flows away from the roller and the center of the workpiece, and the displacement of the bottom land, tooth side, and top land decreases successively. After multiple beats, the final tooth shape is obtained by the accumulation of flow. The metal flow results in large amount of fibrous tissue at the bottom land, a small amount of fibrous tissue at the tooth side, and no fibrous tissue at the top land. The flow results in work hardening, and the hardness is that the bottom land, tooth side, top land decrease successively, and the hardness decrease successively from the surface to the inside, showing the characteristics of hard surface and core toughness. The metal flowing mechanism was obtained. The metal in the area occupied by the roller flows in the direction of less resistance. The larger the distance to the contact area, the smaller the flow displacement. The displacement of metal flow is positively correlated with the deformation degree of microstructure and the capacity of work hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]