Keywords: CNS lymphoma; TRAMs; Choline-PET EN CNS lymphoma TRAMs Choline-PET e116 e119 4 09/30/21 20211001 NES 211001 Gadolinium contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is the current "gold standard" imaging technique for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).1 However, MRI contrast enhancement is not specific to active disease, as it is also seen following other insults to the brain parenchyma including biopsy, inflammation, infarcts and radionecrosis.2 A further limitation of CE-MRI are new or enlarging regions of MRI enhancement following administration of novel anti-lymphoma immunotherapy, in the absence of true disease progression, termed "pseudoprogression".3 CE-MRI therefore has limitations for use in staging, response assessment and prognostication in PCNSL.4 As such there is a need for alternative imaging approaches that can differentiate active disease from iatrogenic enhancement and CE-MRI pseudoprogression. 11 Sammour F, Nicholson E, Anthias C, Arias C, Easdale S, Ethell M, et al. 18Fluoromethylcholine PET/CT to predict outcomes of patients pre and post autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for CNS lymphoma - a new CNS lymphoma imaging tool [Abstract]. Are treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs) and 18F-choline positron emission tomography the future of central nervous system lymphoma imaging?. [Extracted from the article]