Background: Postpartum anaemia has been defined as hemoglobin (Hb) less than 11 g/dl in early postpartum period. Parenteral iron therapy ensures good compliance, rapid correction of anaemia and replenishment of iron stores but needs multiple doses and prolonged infusion time. There is need for newer, safer and preferably single dose therapy. Objective: This study was designed as an open label, interventional, randomized controlled clinical trial to compare Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) injection with oral iron in treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anaemia. Materials and methods: In this study, a total of 140 women were recruited and randomized in two groups. Group I (n=70) received intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and Group II (n=70) received oral ferrous sulphate. All subjects were followed at three and six weeks. Repeat haemoglobin estimation was done at three and six weeks while RBC indices and serum iron parameters were repeated at six weeks. Ninty-seven percent of subjects in parenteral group and 76% subjects in oral group completed the study. Data was analysed as per intention to treat. There were no significant side effects in either group. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in all haematological parameters post treatment. The change from baseline was highly significant in all haematological parameters in parenteral group as compared to oral group (p=0.001), except for the reticulocyte count. Serum ferritin which is a marker of iron stores rose multifold in parenteral group and only marginally in oral group. Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose is a newer, effective and safer parenteral iron and seems promising in curbing postpartum anaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]