Food fraud is a global issue often detected through the use of analytical testing. Analysis of suspect foodstuffs and comparison of their results to those contained within a food authenticity database is a typical approach. This scientific opinion was commissioned as part of the FoodIntegrity EU project to provide guidance for the creation of these food authenticity databases. This opinion paper provides what the authors believe are the most important considerations which must be addressed, when creating a food authenticity database. Specifically, the areas of database scope, analytical methodology, sampling, collection and storage of data, validation and curation are discussed. • Food Authenticity Databases are used to detect food fraud. • Key points that need to be considered to develop these databases are discussed. • Targeted and non-targeted analytical methodologies considered. • Recommendations are provided to ensure robust, valid and enduring databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]