Schisandra sphenantheraRehd. et Wils. belongs to theSchisandrafamily and its fruits are known to be the effective parts in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The chemical compositions of the essential oils from different parts of fruits ofS. sphenantheraisolated by hydrodistillation extraction were analyzed by GC-MS. The extraction yield percentage of the essential oils from the seed and pulp were 2.82% and 0.65% (% dry weight,v/w), respectively. The color of the essential oils from the seed were ivory-white and yellowish for pulp, respectively. A total of sixty compounds were identified and there were 15 mutual compounds existed in two different parts. Although the majority of these compounds (more than 65%) belonged to sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The differences between seed and pulp were readily observed: ketones were only found in seed, and aldehyde, halogenated hydrocarbons, olefin hydrocarbons, acids and alcohols were only found in pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]