Chroogomphus mediterraneus , a species described from the Balearic Islands, is confirmed as belonging to the genus Chroogomphus , instead of the genus Gomphidius , as it appears in taxonomic databases. Chroogomphus mediterraneus shows macroscopic features similar to Chroogomphus fulmineus and C. rutilus , species with which it has been confused in the literature. However, analyses based on comparison of barcoding sequences (internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA), and a review of the morphological features, support C. mediterraneus as a separate species close to C. albipes , a gasteroid fungus, and C. confusus , a species described from Yunnan, China. Chroogomphus mediterraneus is also reported for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]