1. CYP2C19is a clinically important enzyme and is involved in the metabolism of approximately 10% of drugs used in daily clinical practice. Previous studies mainly focused on Chinese Han populations or other ethnic groups, little is known about Uyghur populations. 2. The present study was designed to determine the genetic basis ofCYP2C19polymorphisms. 3. We used direct sequencing to investigate the promoter, exons and surrounding introns, and 3′-untranslated region of theCYP2C19gene in 96 unrelated healthy Uyghur individuals. 4. A total of 31 differentCYP2C19polymorphisms were identified in the Uyghur population, three of which were novel, including two nonsynonymous variants (57807A > M, Gln279Pro and 19257G > R, Asp262Asn) and one synonymous variants in exon 5 (19184T > Y, Leu237Leu). In addition,CYP2C19*1, *2 and *3 alleles showed frequencies of 83.34%, 14.06% and 2.08%, respectively. 5. This is the first study that systematically screened the polymorphisms of the wholeCYP2C19gene in Uyghur population. Hence, our results provided important information onCYP2C19polymorphisms in Uyghur population and could be helpful for future personalized medicine studies in Uyghur population generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]