This descriptive, correlational study explores the meaning of cancer pain in a sample of Thai patients, and examines the relationships between perceived meaning and pain intensity, pain interference, and mood disturbances within a conceptual model derived from the Gate Control theory and Lazarus's stress and coping framework. Three hundred Thai cancer outpatients who were currently experiencing cancer-related pain and were receiving care at one of five hospitals in northern, southern, and central Thailand comprised the sample. They completed the Brief Pain Inventory: short form, Profile of Mood States: short form, Perceived Meaning of Cancer Pain Inventory, and a demographic and medical history data form. Findings revealed that how patients ascribed meaning to their cancer pain influenced subjective pain intensity, pain interference, and mood, especially when cancer pain was ascribed as loss. Age played a small role in the pain experience and no gender differences were found. These findings have implications for clinical practice in planning interventions to attenuate pain severity and in addressing interferences to life experiences and mood disturbance through changing cognitive perception of cancer pain.