Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine potential risk factors associated with health outcomes for American children, ages 5 to 12. Background: American children are diagnosed with serious acute and chronic disease types in increasingly high numbers. It is imperative to investigate existing children's health outcomes in the United States, which may be interrelated due to the lack of healthcare quality, inaccessibility to quality care, and other factors. This study examined inpatient admissions for pediatric patients using the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ, 2014). The variables of this study included minority status (MS), healthcare quality (HQ), disease prevalence (DP), diabetes (DM), nutritional and miscellaneous metabolic disorders (NMMD), bronchitis and asthma (BA), kidney and urinary tract infections (KUTI), viral infections (VI) and epilepsy/convulsions (EC). Sample. A large, randomly drawn sample (N = 524,581) of boys (n = 244,553) and girls (n = 280,028) ages 5 to 12, from the 2012 KID was examined in this research study, to test for the association between disease prevalence and healthcare quality. The Pearson Chi Square test was applied to measure for significant variable relationships in this research study. Results: The results of this study found a statistically significant association between healthcare quality and disease prevalence (p < .001). Other significant associations were also found as a result of the Chi square analysis. Conclusion: Strong associations were found when socio-economic status was examined with the prevalence for diabetes (DIA), nutritional and miscellaneous metabolic disorders (NMMD), bronchitis and asthma (BA), kidney and urinary tract infections (KUTI), viral infections (VI) and epilepsy/convulsions (EC). The research findings substantiate the importance of the quality of healthcare and healthcare services delivery for all children, especially those who are members of minority/ethnic groups.