This article describes anti-racism in education, especially in relation to the sometimes complementary, sometimes-conflicting understandings of multiculturalism. As anti-racism has achieved a degree of public recognition in Great Britain beyond that attained in most other countries, this article uses the British case as a vehicle for describing anti-racism in education. For some the term denotes any opposition to racism, ranging from organized protest to individual acts of resistance through a refusal to adopt white supremacist assumptions. For others anti-racism describes a more systematic perspective that provides both a theoretical understanding of the nature of racism and offers general guidance for its opposition through emancipatory practice. The former, broad conception of anti-racism is among the most common understandings internationally, while in Great Britain the latter more specific usage is dominant. In Britain, anti-racism was most prominent in social policy debates during the 1980s. Although this period saw a Conservative government re-elected to power at a national level throughout the decade, it was at the local level, especially through the work of local authorities, that anti-racism enjoyed its most influential period.