Terminal heat stress (THS) is a major abiotic stress causing reduction in grain weight, size, number and quality of wheat crop. Most of the earlier studies have focused on identifying THS-tolerant genotypes mainly by late sowing, which generally has gradual increase in temperature. But the recent climate change demands for the genotypes to withstand for both gradual and sudden rise in THS. Thus, the present study was undertaken to identify high-yielding and more stable genotypes for both gradual and sudden rise in THS. In this study, 26 wheat genotypes were screened under three sowing conditions, viz., timely sown (TS), late sown (LS) for gradual increase in THS and temperature-controlled phenotyping facility (TCPF), to impose sudden THS during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. The experiment was laid out in Alpha-lattice design with uniform plot size (0.80 m × 0.80 m2) containing 4 rows with 20-cm distance between each row and replicated twice. To study the nature of relationship among traits, Pearson correlation analysis was done and GGE-biplot analysis was used to discriminate the genotypes with superior yield and stability. ANOVA revealed significant (p = ≤ 0.05) effect of the genotypes, condition and genotype × condition on grain yield and other parameters. Pearson correlation revealed positive interaction of grain yield with thousand grain weight and harvest index, while days to heading and maturity had a negative association under normal and heat-stressed conditions. GGE-biplot efficiently explained 91.03% of the interaction effect, and ideal view model ranked genotype as DBW71 > AKW2862-1 > DBW173 > DBW107 > HD2932 > WH730 > KKR1043 > other lines. Which-won-where model of GGE revealed DBW71 with comparatively high yield (LS = 330.1 g m−2, TCPF = 194.5 g m−2) as wining genotype in both gradual and sudden stress conditions. Whereas, with the mean-versus-stability model, DBW173 (LS = 337.2 g m−2, TCPF = 167.0 g m−2) and WH730 (LS = 334.8 g m−2, TCPF = 236.9 g m−2) analysed as highly stable genotypes across both type of stress conditions. From this study, DBW71, DBW173 and WH730 were identified as the most stable genotypes for both sudden and gradual rise in THS and these stable genotypes can serve in identifying the most reliable molecular markers for improving climate resilience in wheat under heat stress condition.