The study aimed to investigate the impact of various tillage and weed control practices on weed dynamics in wheat crop at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India, with a focus on the significance of various tillage and weed control techniques in conservation agriculture. The experiment hypothesized that implementation of conservation agricultural practices positively influenced the seasonal weed dynamics and productivity of wheat crop. Keeping in this regard, the experiment was conducted in split plot design with main plot designated for tillage; conventional tillage with residue at 3.5 t ha−1 (CT+R @ 3.5 t ha−1); conventional-tillage without residue (CT–R); zero-tillage with residue at 3.5 t ha−1 (ZT+R @ 3.5 t ha−1); and zero-tillage with residue at 5.0 t ha−1 (ZT+R @ 5 t ha−1) whereas the subplot treatments included the weed management practices; weedy check, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron at 0.4 kg ha−1 as post-emergence (POE), pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha−1 as pre-emergence (PE) followed by mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron at 0.4 kg ha−1 as POE, and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha−1 as PE. Experimental findings revealed that the density of broad and narrow-leaved weeds (BLWs, NLWs) was higher in the ZT+R @ 3.5 t ha−1 plots during 2013. With the progress of the study rather with the progress of the crop towards maturity and seasons of the crop, the density of total weeds and weed dry weight increased, ultimately reaching higher levels with CT−R by the end of the fourth year (2016). Notably, in ZT+R @ 5 t ha−1 plots, total weed density decreased by 25.26% compared to CT−R (48 m−2), with a concurrent reduction in weed dry weight by 7.94% for ZT+R @ 3.5 t ha−1 and 11.53% for ZT+R @ 5 t ha−1, compared to CT−R (62.74 g m−2). Although CT−R initially yielded higher in the first year (4.40 t ha−1), ZT+R@ 5 t ha−1 exhibited a 13.4% increase in yield by the fourth year, stabilizing at 46.58% higher than the weedy check (3.37 t ha−1) in terms of wheat yield. In terms of weed control, the combination of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha−1 as PE followed by mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron at 0.4 kg ha−1 as POE consistently recorded the lowest weed density (27.48 m−2) and weed dry weight (46.76 g m−2) over the years. Among these broad-leaved weeds, Chenopodium album (3 m−2) and Convolvulus arvensis (8.0 m−2) were effectively managed with POE, while among narrow-leaved weeds such as Phalaris minor (6 m−2) and Avena fatua (5 m−2) were successfully controlled with PE followed by POE.