This study investigates the various combinations of welding speeds (20 mm/min, 30 mm/min, and 40 mm/min) and rotational speeds (900 rpm, 1100 rpm, and 1300 rpm) generating different heat inputs on the friction stir welding (FSW) AA2014 alloy. Three combinations (1100 rpm–20 mm/min, 1100 rpm–40 mm/min, and 1300 rpm–20 mm/min) showed defect-free welds. The study covers a wide range of concerns related to optical microstructure, including grain size and distribution, tensile properties (ultimate tensile strength, flexibility, and UTS), microhardness measurements, and SEM analysis of tensile fractures. The experimental findings show discrete microstructural differences correlated with various FSW parameters. Higher welding rates are associated with increased microhardness; at 120 HV, the combination of 1100 rpm and 40 mm/min showed a maximum microhardness. Measurements of tensile strength reveal a similar pattern, with the combination of 1100 rpm–40 mm/min obtaining the higher tensile strength at 278 MPa. The results of the SEM study of tensile fractures offer a further understanding of the failure mechanisms. The outcomes of this investigation provide an essential insight into optimizing FSW parameters for the welding of AA2014 alloy, considering the mechanical and microstructural features.