Determination of Clomipramine using eco-friendly solid-contact ionophore-doped potentiometric sensor
- Resource Type
- Original Paper
- Authors
- Michael, Adel M.; Mahmoud, Amr M.; Fahmy, Nesma M.
- Source
- BMC Chemistry. 17(1)
- Subject
- Clomipramine
Point-of-care
Green chemistry
Supramolecular chemistry
Calix[4]arene
Graphene nanoparticles
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes
- Language
- English
- ISSN
- 2661-801X
Introduction: Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant acting as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Its maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) is 13–310 ng/mL, the therapeutic range is 220–500 ng/mL and its toxic effect appears in doses above 900 ng/mL.Objectives: The fabrication of eco-friendly solid-contact ion-selective electrodes to evaluate the concentration of Clomipramine in different matrices based on disposable screen-printed carbon electrode.Methods: Disposable screen-printed carbon electrode was utilized as a substrate to fabricate the proposed sensors. The sensors were optimized to determine Clomipramine using calix[4]arene as an ionophore into PVC polymeric membrane to enhance selectivity towards the target analyte. The solid-contact sensor potential stability was improved by the incorporation of graphene nanoparticles transducer layer.Results: The sensors were assessed as per the IUPAC recommendations. The linearity range was 1 × 10− 2 to 1 × 10− 5.3 M. The sensors were successfully applied to determine CLM in the pharmaceutical formulation. Furthermore, the ion selective electrodes were applied for Clompiramine assay in spiked plasma for the purpose of Point-of-Care testing to be a diagnostic tool for therapeutic monitoring of the cited central nervous system agent. The findings were statistically compared to the reported method showing no statistically significant difference.Conclusion: This work was concerned with developing a green analytical method for the determination of Clomipramine. The proposed SC-ISE was mixed with graphene nanocomposite transducer interlayer. The graphene layer succeeded in preventing the formation of an aqueous layer so resulted in a stable, reproducible standard potential besides the rapid response time.