Coelioscopic surgery for deep endometriosis infiltrating the uterosacral ligaments and the rectum typically leads to postoperative mictional disorders, which can be attributed to nervous lesions of the presacral plexus whose nerve terminations can be damaged during the operation. However, patients presenting with this kind of pathology often describe urinary function symptoms before any surgery has taken place.Aim:The aim of this study is to assess the existence of pre-existing mictional problems by carrying out a preoperative urodynamic assessment.Equipment and method:This is a non-comparative descriptive cohort study of twenty-three consecutive patients consulting for surgical treatment of deep endometriosis with clinical and radiological infiltration of the uterosacral ligaments, the uterine torus and/or the rectum.Results:The mean age of the patients was 32.3 ± 6.2 years [19–42] at the time of treatment. Mean parity was 0.4 ± 0.87 children [0–2]. Deep endometriosis had been diagnosed through careful clinical examination and imaging techniques (supra-pubic endovaginal abdomino- pelvic ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI]). Six patients had no history of urinary problems (26.1%). The remaining 17 presented at least one of the following signs: increased daytime frequency, urinary incontinence, straining to urinate, increased night-time frequency, urgency, mictional burns, bladder cramps, reduced bladder sensitivity (possible urine infections were systematically eliminated). The imaging techniques enabled diagnosis of 5 cases of adnexal lesion, (21.7% of cases), 7 cases of adenomyosis (30.4%), 14 cases of rectal endometriosis (60.8%), 16 cases of endometriosis of the uterine torus (69.6%) and 18 cases of endometriosis of the uterosacral ligaments (78.3%). There was a single case of vesical endometriosis (4.3%). The urodynamic assessment carried out preoperatively was totally normal for only 4 patients (17.4%). Three patients had significant post-mictional residue, (13.0%), of which one case was pathological (over 100 ml). The average urethral closure pressure was 85.5 ± 28.6 cmH2O [38–150]. Nine patients presented urethral hypertonia (39.1%), four had urethral instability (17.4%), four dysuria (17.4%), four hypersensitive bladder (17.4%), three urethral sphincter insufficiency (13.0%), two had a large hypoesthetic bladder with limited closure pressure (8.7%) and one had small bladder capacity (4.3%).Conclusions:Patients with deep endometriosis in the area of the uterosacral ligaments and/or the anterior face of the rectum very often-present urinary function problems in the preoperative period. It is essential to take a history of symptoms in order to detect this, but only an urodynamic assessment can determine the extent of the damage and quantify it. The disorder revealed is of neurological origin, probably related to lesions of the inferior hypogastric plexus rather than of the bladder. This study did not show any correlation between preoperative disorders and the localisation of the lesions found during the operation. A study of a larger number of patients may indicate further improvements and possible complications that might arise following surgery.