Series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the long term effect of gypsum and crop residue on crop yield and soil health in rice-wheat crop rotation system in salt affected soil. A saline-sodic field having ECe (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) 4.77 (dS m-1); pH (H₂O) 8.96; SAR 43.78 (mmol L-1) and gypsum requirement (G.R.) 2.86 (Mg acre-1) was selected on Soil Salinity Research Institute Farm. Five treatments consisting of (T₁) control, (T₂) gypsum at 100% G.R., (T₃) gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha-1, (T₄) gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at 3 Mg ha-1, (T?) gypsum at 25% G.R.+ rice and wheat straw at 3 Mg ha-1 were replicated four times under completely randomized block design. The data indicated that grain and straw yield of rice and wheat was significantly (P<0.05) increased by all the amendments used either single or in combination. T₂ (gypsum at 100% G.R.) significantly (P<0.05) increased grain and straw yield of rice and wheat crops followed by T₃ (gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha-1) when compared with control. Soil properties were also improved by used amendments, pronounced decreased in ECe, pHs and SAR were recorded in T₂ followed by T₃. The efficiency of the treatments could be arranged in following order gypsum at 100% G.R.> gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha-1> gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice and wheat straw at 3 Mg ha-1> gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at 3 Mg ha-1> control.