PURPOSE : Taking the tujia nationality primary and secondary school left-behind children in Wantan Town, Yichang city as the investigation object. This paper analyzes the existing problems and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to provide theoretical reference for improving the living conditions of left-behind children. METHODS : Field investigation, questionnaire survey and statistical analysis were used to investigate the living conditions of ethnic left-behind children in primary and secondary schools from five aspects: living environment, healthy diet, sleeping time, physical exercise and life goals. RESULTS : There was a strong negative linear correlation between partial eating and school food (r = -0.729, P < 0.01); there was a linear correlation between sleep time and weekly exercise times (R = 0.817, P < 0.01); subjects lack parental supervision and care, and their dreams and vision are limited to some extent lack of physical exercise resources, resulting in weak awareness of exercise; there is a shortage of useful magazines and books; subjects lack parental supervision and care, and their dreams and vision are limited to some extent without parental supervision and care, dreams and vision are limited to a certain extent. CONCLUSIONS : The survival status of tujia left-behind children in Wantan Town, Yichang city is not optimistic. 1)Schools improve food and educate left-behind children about healthy eating; 2)Parents teach left-behind children to use electronic products reasonably; 3)The school moderately improves physical education resources; 4)The Ministry of Education provides helpful books for left-behind children; 5)The school cultivates the self-management consciousness and ability of left-behind children.