Organizational adaption capability and alignment capability are the most important issues in organization theory and strategic management fields. The paper categorizes the control practice as strategic and financial control practice, explores their influence on different organizational capability, and tests the mediation effect of the organizational context between the control practice and organizational capability. The findings illustrate that strategic control practice can’t improve adaption capability directly, and financial control practice can’t enhance alignment capability directly either. The two control practice affect organizational capability through the mediating role of organizational performance management context and social relation context. Specifically, the trust context mediates the relationship between strategic control practice and adaptation capability, the support context does not take mediation role between them. The discipline context mediates the relationship between financial control practice and alignment capability, stretch context doesn’t take mediating role. Finally, theoretical contribution, managerial implication and future directions are discussed.