Marcel Mauss was a French sociologist and anthropologist. The nephew of Emile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss' academic work traversed the boundaries between sociology and anthropology. Today, he is perhaps better recognised for his influence on the latter discipline; particularly with respect to his analyses of topics such as 'magic', 'sacrifice' and 'gift exchange' in primitive cultures. Mauss had a profound influence upon the founder of structural anthropology, Claude Levi-Strauss, and also, upon the study of the history of civilizations of the Annales. Claude Levi-Strauss in "Introduction to the Work of Marcel Mauss" said that Marcel Mauss is a pioneer of the structuralism. By the way, Fernand Braudel, historian of the Annales, criticized that Claude Levi-Strauss misunderstood Marcel Mauss' academic work. Fernand Braudel was a critic of the structural anthropology. The purpose of this article is to examine interpretations of Marcel Mauss, and to understand the relation of Marcel Mauss and the Annales. This is also to understand the relation of history and sociology, the relation of the Annales and the structuralism, the total history and the concept of structure of the Annales, and ultimately the identity of history of the Annales.