BACKGROUND.: The purpose of this study was to acquire nationwide data on the management and outcome of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Finnish university hospitals over a 5-year posttreatment follow-up. METHODS.: All records of patients diagnosed and treated for primary laryngeal SCC during 2001 to 2005 were reviewed. RESULTS.: Three hundred sixty-six patients with laryngeal cancer were identified, 360 of whom had laryngeal SCC. Three hundred forty-two patients with laryngeal SCC (95%) were treated with curative intent. Five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for T1a, T1b, T2, T3, and T4 glottic SCC was 100%, 95%, 78%, 79%, and 53%, respectively. The corresponding figures for T1 to T4 supraglottic SCC were 68%, 54%, 72%, and 59%. CONCLUSION.: Results of this nationwide study give a general overview of the outcome of unselected patients treated with unified guidelines. Patients with T2 tumors, usually treated with radiotherapy (RT), had a worse prognosis than expected. This patient group warrants further investigation and possibly treatment intensification. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 36–43, 2016