OBJECTIVE: DESIGN: SETTING: SUBJECTS: METHODS: RESULTS: Similar proportions of resident and attending patients had a controlled substance agreement (45.1% of resident patients vs 42.4% of attending patient, P = 0.47) or urine drug testing (58.6% of resident patients vs 63.6% of attending patients, P = 0.16). Resident patients were more likely to have two or more early refills in the past year relative to attending patients (42.8% vs 32.5%; P = 0.004). In the adjusted regression analysis, resident patients were more likely to receive early refills (odds ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.26–2.62) than attending patients. CONCLUSIONS