[Li Shu-t’ungWen Taohao Guanghou, ShutongXianying, Hongyi fashi] (b Tainjin, Oct 23, 1880; d Quanzhou, Fujian Province, Oct 13, 1942). Chinese painter, graphic designer, calligrapher, religious reformer, and teacher. Li is regarded as a pioneer of commercial and Western art as well as an important figure in promoting the modernization of Buddhist art in early 20th-century China. Li was born into a scholarly and wealthy family, and he was the first Chinese student to obtain a degree from the Western art department at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (Tokyo Bijutsu Gakkō). Influenced by many celebrated artists at the school, he was the first to stress the importance of advertising and commercial art in China. While in Japan, and after his return to China in 1911, he actively advocated for Western art not only by teaching it in schools but also through his publications of articles and graphics. In 1906 Li designed and published the earliest Chinese music journal Yinyue xiao zazhi ('Small Music Magazine') at his own expense in Tokyo and circulated it in Shanghai. His interest in design was demonstrated later in his career with the production of ...