This qualitative study examined the selection and maintenance experience of middle-aged unmarried female single-person households from a phenomenological perspective. In the course of in-depth interviews, the seven participants gave oral descriptions of their experiences in choosing and maintaining single-person households, and synthesized the decision-making process of single-person households, focusing on three factors that influence the decision-making process of single-person households, and found that the decision-making process of single-person households was based on 1-choice factors (direct and indirect influence of the original family, influence of the workplace, and freedom as a value of the single-person household). 2-Protective factors (support from family or friends (colleagues, neighbors) of the original family, focusing on my own needs or priorities), and 3-risk factors (unpleasant attention to women living alone, physical and emotional situations of doing everything alone, lack of financial support for the future of single-person households, and unapplicable benefits). Ultimately, it was to pursue a free life as a middle-aged, unmarried woman in a single-person household, but to design and achieve a life as an inherently completely independent individual. From an insider’s perspective, a theoretical model for the decision-making process of selection and maintenance of single-person households of middle-aged unmarried women and social welfare suggestions to reduce the risk factors of single-person households of middle-aged unmarried women were proposed.