This study aimed to deepen the understanding of the Korean lexical structure by analyzing the combination patterns and meanings of Chinese character-based negative prefixes ‘mu-(無), bul/bu-(不), mi-(未), bi-(非), mol-(没)’. To achieve this, the characteristics of 129 derivatives combined with ‘-hada’ were analyzed to examine the properties of the roots, and the substitution patterns among negative prefixes were examined based on dictionary and corpus examples. This study emphasizes that the use of Chinese character-based negative prefixes exhibits characteristics beyond the simple expression of ‘negation’ and can serve as foundational material for future research exploring the combination relationships and semantic changes of various affixes.