This study was designed to explore the actual conditions of education and support methods for children with health impairments, such as cancer and other rare incurable disease, and to provide basic data for the development of early childhood education programs for them. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field surveys from June 2022 to February 2023 with mothers of health-impaired children and officials and teachers of distance education institutions, and were analyzed using a qualitative case study method. The study yielded the following outcomes. First, children with impaired health experienced delayed development due to not attending classes during their treatment, and facing difficulties in resuming studies even after treatment. Second, mothers of such children obtained information about child education through online communities for parents of children with cancer and other rare incurable diseases, and utilized home visiting classes and play experience facilities. Third, it was not easy to select special education subjects due to health impairment, and hospital schools and distance education institutions also had restrictions on the subjects and conditions of admission. Fourth, the study participants proposed various educational, psychological-emotional, legal, and institutional support methods for children with health impairment and their families. This study is meaningful in that it specifically presents the necessity and operation methods of early education curricula for children with health impairment by discussing the actual conditions of education and support methods for such cases.