Author's summary From a nation-wide population-based cohort study comprised 237,592 patients with hypertension treated, we found that elevated on-treatment diastolic blood pressures (DBP) by the Seventh Report of Joint National Committee definition (systolic blood pressure [SBP] <140 mmHg with a DBP ≥90 mmHg) was associated a high risk of major cardiovascular events including mortality, while elevated DBP by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association definition (SBP <130, DBP ≥80 mmHg) was only associated with a higher risk of stroke. The results of this study provide evidence of the value of an DBP target in subjects who have achieved SBP goals.