Background: This study was conducted to identify the infection control (IC) knowledge, perceptions, and self-confidence in performance level of nursing and medical students and to confirm the relationship between IC knowledge, awareness, and self-confidence in performance. Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive survey. The participants were students attending either the college of medicine or nursing in South Korea. Data were collected using a Google online questionnaire and the number of subjects was 242. Results: For IC knowledge, the correct answer rate was 80% for medical and nursing students. By subcategories, answers regarding standard precautions and hand hygiene had the highest correct answer rate of 86%. The IC awareness of medical and nursing students was 4.74±0.31 points. By subcategories, their awareness of transmission-based precautions was the highest at 4.81±0.32 points. Medical and nursing students’ performance confidence of IC was 4.61±0.42 points. Self-confidence in performance of respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette was the highest at 4.73±0.39 points. Positive correlations were observed between knowledge and awareness of IC (r=.41, P<.001), self-confidence in performance (r=.33, P<.001), and awareness and self-confidence in performance (r=.77, P<.001). Conclusion: This study identified that the average correct answer rate related to IC knowledge among medical and nursing students was relatively high. However, the self-confidence in performance was lower than that of IC awareness. This suggests that it is necessary to develop and apply a systematic education program, considering that the higher the knowledge and awareness, the stronger the self-confidence in performance of IC.