탈북문학은 소수자의 뿌리 없는 정체성과 인권문제, 자본주의에 대한 비판 등이 담긴 소설적 주제의식을 탐구해왔다. 탈북문학에 대한 관심과 연구는 사회적 진단과 대비책 마련에 대한 물음표를 제기해왔다. 이 논문은 분단 극복과 통일 시대를 예비하는 시점에 개인의 정체성 회복을 위한 사회적 계기 마련, 제3국에서의 소외된 삶의 회복 등 사회적 문제를 진단하고 대비할 수 있을 것이다. 탈경계인의 인권문제를 제기하는 소설은 탈북 과정에서 일어나는 폭력과 인신매매, 노동착취 등을 형상화하고 있다. 탈북문학에 형상화된 소수자의 존재 가치, 제3국에서의 정체성, 인권문제 등은 통일을 대비하는 우리 사회에 개인적인 문제를 넘어 사회적인 관심을 끊임없이 제시한다. 본고는 단순히 탈북 현상에서 벗어나 제3국에 거주하는 탈경계인의 뿌리 없는 정체성과 그들이 겪는 폭력과 인신매매 등의 인권문제, 자본주의의 병폐를 소녀서사로 그려낸 소설을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 소녀서사로 구성된 소설을 바탕으로 탈북자, 탈북여성, 탈북난민 등 제3국에 이주한 여성의 소외된 삶을 소설창작기법으로 짚어본다. 소설에 드러난 그들 개인의 서사를 복원하는 일은 통일 시대를 예비하는 앞으로의 현시대에 발판이 될 것이다.
The literature of North Korean defection has explored its novelistic thematic consciousness in which contains those issues such as rootless identity of the minority and human rights as well as criticism of capitalism. The interest in and study on the literature of North Korean defection have thrown questions about social diagnosis and the preparation of countermeasures. This study intends to provide an opportunity to diagnose and prepare for social problems such as the arrangement of social momentum for the recovery of the personal identity and the restoration of their marginalized lives in third countries for North Korean defectors at this time to overcome the division and prepare for the era of unification. Violences, human trafficking, and exploitations of labor being occurred in the process of defecting from North Korea are portrayed in the novels, raising the human right issues of those trans-boundaries people. It desperately demands us, who are to prepare for the era of unification, to look at the issues of the minority’s identity and their human rights in a new way. As a result, those issues, such as the value of the minority’s existence, their identity in third countries, and their human rights, etc. as the contents in the literature of North Korean defection, constantly present the need for a social attention, not as a personal matter, toward our society preparing for the unification. This study intends to look at the rootless identity of those trans-boundaries people living in third countries, those human right issues such as violences and human trafficking suffered by them as well as the social ills of capitalism out of just the simple phenomenon of defection from North Korea focusing on the novels that depict those materials from a narrative perspective of a girl. Based on the novels constructed from the narrative perspective of a girl, this study looks at the marginalized lives of women who moved to third countries as defectors, women, and refugees from North Korea, through the creating techniques of novel. This study hopes that the restoration of their personal narratives revealed in the novels would be a step to the present age preparing for the era of the unification.