ackground: Inflammation affects development of atrial fibrillation (AF) by means of atrial remodeling. Statins are known to have a protective effect on this relationship. Previous studies have been centered on postoperative new-onset AF or post-ablation recurrence of AF, but whether inflammation induces de novo AF in dyslipidemia patients on chronic statin therapy for primary prevention is uncertain.?Methods: A total 4803 consecutive dyslipidemia patients (pts) without AF were given moderate-intensity statin for primary prevention from March 2004 to May 2014. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and the development of AF identified by echocardiography was followed for 9 years.?Results: Compared to the lowest quartile (<0.46 mg/L, n=1224), the highest quartile (>1.86 mg/L, n=1194) of hsCRP was associated with a higher incidence of de novo AF [OR= 3.76, (95% CI 2.12-6.66), p<0.001]. In proportional hazard cox-regression adjusted by age, gender, cardiovascular co-morbidities, chronic kidney disease, lipid parameters, fasting glucose, HbA1c, Creatinine, apolipoproteins, and medications including types of statins, there was significantly higher incidence of new-onset AF in the highest quartile of hsCRP, compared to the lowest quartile [HR= 3.28, (95% CI 1.82-5.88), p<0.001, figure].?Conclusions: In our study, high hsCRP levels strongly predicted the development of new-onset AF in moderate-intensity statin-treated dyslipidemia pts during 9-year follow-up.