This study aimed to develop radial growth model and to predict the potential spatial distribution of major tree species [Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine), Quercus spp. (Oak), Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch) and Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine)] in South Korea, considering topographic and climatic factors. We used data set of diameter at breast height (DBH) and radial growth of individual trees, topographic, and climatic factors in the systematic sample plots (about 2,400 plots) distributed over the whole South Korea. With the basis that radial growth is basically attributed to the tree age and topographic indicators, we developed, firstly, radial growth model employing tree age and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) as an explanatory variable. Thereafter, we derived the standard growth, which is defined as the radial growth at tree age of 30 and TWI of 5.7 (average TWI of South Korea), for eliminating tree age and topographic effect on the radial growth. Through variogram analysis of standard growth, we found the spatial autocorrelation between the standard growth and climatic factors. Thereby, we could statistically fit the standard growth to the Warmth Index (WI), and Precipitation Effectiveness Index (PEI) using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM). As a result of the GAM analysis, the predicted future (2046~2065) climate had negative impacts on the radial growth of Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis whereas it has positive impacts on that of Quercus spp.. Based on the model, we found that the radial growth of conifer trees (Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis) would be more vulnerable than that of Quercus spp. to climate factors when compared with the results. Given the results of this study, the developed models will be helpful for understanding the impact of climate factors on the tree growth and for predicting the distribution change of major tree species by climate change in South Korea.