본 연구는 드럼 세트 안에 존재하는 심벌의 변화 과정을 시대의 흐름에 따라 살피고, 심벌의 종류별 사운드를 분석한 것이다. 아주 오래전 고대로부터 우리가 살고 있는 현대에 이르기까지 그 형태와 용도 그리고 각 시대에서 심벌이 문화적, 사회적으로 어떠한 필요성으로 존재해 왔는지 고찰하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 지닌다. 초기 심벌은 매우 단순한 용도 및 형태로 존재하였다면 현대에서의 심벌은 매우 다양한 형태와 소리로 변화 및 확장되어 중요한 역할로서 존재하게 되었다는 사실을 확인하였다. 즉, 사회적 환경과 시대의 흐름에 따라 인류와 함께 변화해 온 심벌의 흔적을 조사하고 정리하였다. 드럼 세트가 형성된 과정을 파악하기 위해 18세기 말에서 19세기 초의 시대적 배경을 조사하였고 이를 통해 사회의 발전과 변화가 음악 산업, 특히 뮤지션들의 환경적인 요인에 많은 영향을 주었음을 확인하였다. 드럼 세트의 구성에 속하는 스네어 드럼과 베이스 드럼, 페달, 탐탐의 역사적 발전 과정을 조사하여 각각의 악기들의 형성과 발전 과정을 파악할 수 있었다. 심벌의 존재와 흔적을 찾기 위해 고대 시대와 근세 시대 그리고 근대 시대에서의 관련 자료를 찾아 정리하였고, 1920년대 이후 20년 단위로 나누어 심벌의 변천사를 조사하였다. 클랜져로 시작하는 후트 심벌 관련 하드웨어의 변천사와 라이드 심벌과 크래쉬 심벌의 스탠드 관련 변화 과정을 조사하였고, 1960년대 이후 음악 산업 발전에 의한 음향 관련 산업의 발전 그리고 이러한 시대의 흐름 속에서 드러머들과 심벌 제작사들의 유기적 관계성에 대해 함께 정리하였다. 심벌의 종류별 사운드 분석을 위해 선택한 브랜드는 1951년에 설립된 독일 국적의 기업 메이늘 심벌즈 컴퍼니인데 연구자가 2014년부터 메이늘 인터네셔널(international) 아티스트로 활동하고 있어 연구 활동에 관계사와 연계가 가능하고, 타 심벌 제작사에서 사용하지 않는 B10 및 B12 브론즈 합금과 독자적인 마감처리 기술을 사용하여 심벌을 생산하는 부분이 연구 가치가 충분하다는 판단이 되었기 때문이다. 먼저 분석의 대상이 되는 각 시리즈별 심벌의 정보를 메이늘 홈페이지에서 찾아 정리하였고, 심벌의 제작방식과 사운드 특성 그리고 합금 비율과 마감처리 등의 정보를 정리하였다. 심벌의 사운드 분석을 위해 50장의 심벌을 확보했다. 각각의 심벌을 5회(브릴리언트 퓨어 메탈 라이드 24인치 3회)씩 총 248회 녹음을 진행하였고, 동일한 드럼 녹음 스튜디오에서 동일한 위치에 심벌과 마이크를 설치하는 등 모든 조건을 동일하게 하여 같은 날 녹음을 진행하였다. 녹음한 음원 중 가장 강한 파형이 나타난 결괏값을 웨이브(WAV) 형식의 음원 소스로 추출하여 음향 분석 프로그램인 SMAART를 사용하여 음역대와 서스테인 길이에 대한 값을 분석하였고 그 결과를 그래프로 도출하였다. 국내 수입사인 서울타악기와 연계하여 국내 재고 보유 심벌들을 위주로 가능한 다른 사양을 가진 다양한 시리즈의 심벌을 분석 대상으로 선택하여 진행하였다. 최대한 많은 자료를 찾아보며 정리한 내용이지만 미처 찾지 못한 자료들의 내용들이 존재할 수 있음을 밝히는 바이다. 원형과 전형이라는 맥락에서 끊임없는 전형의 결과물들이 심벌 분야에도 끊이지 않고 이어지길 바란다.
This study is an examination of the drum set and the cymbalsexisting therein. Records from ancient times to modern times wereinspected to find out about the use and form, and necessity of thecymbal to existing the historical and social dimension. If the earlycymbals existed for very simple purposes and forms, the cymbalsin modern times exist with an important role to meet the needs ofplayers with a wide variety of shapes and sounds. It was possibleto investigate and organize the traces of symbols that havechanged together in mankind according to the flow of time andsocial background.To examine the formation process of drum sets, we investigatedthe background of the late 18th and early 19th centuries andconfirmed that social development and change had a profoundeffect on the environmental factors of the music sector, especiallymusicians. The historical background of Snare Drums, Base Drums,Pedals, and Tamtam, which make up the drum set, was examinedto see how each instrument has been formed and developed. It waspossible to check the development of technology related to theproduction of snare drums after symphonia and Tabor, and it wasconfirmed that there was a change in size as large-sized basedrums passed through military bands and marching bands in theorchestra. The first idea for the formation of the drum set wasdouble drumming, which confirmed that it led to the invention ofthe drum pedal. The development of drumming and thedevelopment of pedals were inseparable, and it was confirmed thatthere were numerous inventions until the completion of modernpedals. The formation of trap kits played a role in improving theChinese tom-tom to exist in the drum set, and the development ofthe manufacturing technology of metal hoops and drum shells ledto the improvement of the tam.The existence of cymbals could be found in traces of ancienttimes. Tibet, India, Turkey, and China are mentioned as the originof cymbals, and they were mainly used in ceremonies and partiessuch as rituals, funerals, and feasts to worship gods. Next, it wasconfirmed that cymbals were used for military needs in the war.cymbals were used in opera orchestras and military symphonies inthe 18th century, and by the late 19th century, their use andexistence became more important. Previously, cymbals played withtwo pieces in both hands in one set, but after the 19th century,cymbals began to turn into instruments that were played usingsticks. It was confirmed that the first base drum pedals began tobe made of primitive wood, and by changing the material to metaland the pedaling method, they developed into modern springpedals.I organized the hardware after investigating it. The hi-hat relatedhardware was developed in the order of Clanger - Snow Shoe(Bobby Salmons Foot cymbals Pedal) - Low Hat - High Hat Stand,which was created by lengthening the pipe to be the pillar of thehi-hat stand, allowing the player to play the hi-hat cymbals withboth feet and sticks.The hi-hat-related hardware was developed in the order of Clanger- Snow Shoe (Bobby Salmons Foot cymbals Pedal) - Low Hat -High Hat. And the tall high-hat stand, created by lengthening thelength of the pipe that serves as the pillar of the high-hat stand,allows the play of the hat cymbals to be played with sticks as wellas feet. In addition, the first cymbal stand with a tilting mechanismwas introduced around 1950 to facilitate the performance of theride cymbal, and later the drummer's demands for a light cymballed to the birth of the light ride cymbal, the 'Crash cymbal'.Since the 1960s, scientific development has also affected themusic industry, and various sound facilities have continued todevelop. In this process, drummers needed cymbal suitable forvarious performance environments. Cymbal producers activelycollected opinions from drummers and tried to produce variouscymbal, resulting in the release of cymbal with various sizes,thickness, and sound. The cymbal company that played the biggestrole in this part was the Zildjian Cymbals Company, and until now,many cymbal companies have begun to produce more diversecymbal with drummers.The brand selected for sound analysis by type of cymbal is theMeinl Cymbals Company, a German company. Founded in 1951 byRoland Meinl, the entire company's name was Roland MeinlInstrument. The reason why chose Meinl Cymbals Company amongmany brands is that since 2014, researchers have been active asMeinl International artists, so they can be linked to relatedcompanies, and it was judged that the part that produces cymbalusing various alloys and finishes that are not used by other cymbalproduction companies is worth research.Information on cymbal for each series to be analyzed was foundand organized on the Meinl website, and information such as theproduction method and sound characteristics of cymbal, alloyratios, and finishing processing was organized. 50 cymbals weresecured for sound analysis. A total of 248 times were recorded, 5times each symbol (brilliant pure metal ride 3 times), and allconditions were the same, such as installing the symbol and themicrophone at the same location in the same drum recordingstudio. The result value with the strongest waveform among therecorded sound sources was extracted as a wave type(wav) soundsource, and the value for the sound range and sustain length wasanalyzed using SMAART, an acoustic analysis program, and theresult was derived as a graph. In connection with Seoul PercussionInstrument, a domestic importer, cymbals of various series with asdifferent specifications as possible were selected as the targets foranalysis.In order to find out the formation process of the drum set, thehistorical background of the late 18th and early 19th centuries wasinvestigated. The development and changes of society were alsoinvestigated and organized, and the historical development of snaredrums and bass drums, pedals, and tom-toms that make up setdrums is summarized. In order to organize the history of thecymbal, necessity of the historical background and change of theformation was analyzed from the ancient to modern times. Inaddition, the relationship between the drummers who were at thecenter of these cages, and the production company was examined.Research on cymbals cannot be seen as being actively conductedboth domestically and internationally. Very few papers have beenstudied on the subject of domestic symbols. Related books are alsodifficult to find. Nevertheless, I started research on cymbalsbecause of the idea that someone should take the first step in thestudy. Starting with this study, it is hoped that more researcherswill continue to conduct research in a wider range of related fields.