The wel-defined pollen record in massive marineclay deposits from the subaqueous Changjiang (Yangtze River)delta reveals changes in vegetation and inferred climate during thelast about 1600 years. Climatic periods inferred from the pollentively warm/wet conditions comparable to Medieval Warm Period(AD 9101085) with a strengthen summer monsoon, (3) a relativelycool and wet conditions possibly corresponding to Little Ice Age(LIA; AD 10851815) with a weaken summer monsoon, and finally(4) the present warm period, since AD 1815. The pollen aridityindex based on variations in humidity suggests that thre subpe-riods within the LIA can be identified: wet LIA-1 (AD 10851170),dry LIA-2 (AD 11701330), and wet LIA-3 (AD 13301815).