Aeroengine blades have high requirements for surface integrity. Through the flexible polishing of TC17 engine blades, the surface integrity of polished blades is improved. First, the influence of process parameters on polishing force and polishing temperature is analyzed through experiments. The influence of parameters on surface roughness is analyzed, and the relationship between wear debris shape and surface morphology under different process parameters are analyzed from the microscopic level. Second, the influence of process parameters on the residual stress of the polished surface is analyzed in accordance with the polishing force and polishing temperature. Then, the variation of the residual stress of the blade after milling and polishing is analyzed. In addition, the microstructure of the metamorphic layer after milling and polishing is analyzed. Experimental results show that reasonable polishing parameters can effectively improve the surface integrity of the blade.