The three-dimensional colloidal crystal materials have unique optical properties and spatial structuredue to their ordered arrangement and have great potential to prepare three-dimensionally orderedmicroporous (3DOM) materials. This review outlines various methods for preparing three-dimensionalcolloidal crystals (3DCCs). The preparation methods of commonly used colloidal particles are introducedin detail, and the effects of different parameters on the assembly of 3DCCs are discussed. On this basis,using the colloidal crystal template (CCT) method to prepare 3DOM materials. After that, the commonstacking methods and defects of 3DCCs were analyzed. The latter part of this review discusses the mainapplications of 3DCCs, namely optical materials, adsorption materials, sensors, porous electrodematerials, inverse colloidal crystal (ICC) scaffolds, and other popular applications in recent years.