Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) is a model that combines strengths of multilevel modeling (e.g., hierarchical structures) and structural equation modeling (e.g., measurement error), which may allow researchers to answer novel research questions in Kinesiology. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a review and a demonstration of MSEM for longitudinal data analysis. To achieve this purpose, we provide (a) some conceptual information about traditional longitudinal analyses that are relevant to MSEM, (b) an overview of MSEM, and (c) the demonstration of MSEM using simulated data and Mplus software. Within the demonstration, we introduce two possible measurement models within MSEM: Intercept and Slope Model and Level and Shape Model, which may provide two options to researchers for modeling longitudinal data based on their theory. We conclude with a summary of MSEM and some suggestions for future applications of MSEM in Kinesiology.