The advent of drug-resistant pathogens results in the occurrence of stubborn bacterial infections that cannot betreated with traditional antibiotics. Antibacterial immunotherapy by reviving or activating the body’s immune systemto eliminate pathogenic bacteria has confrmed promising therapeutic strategies in controlling bacterial infections. Subsequent studies found that antimicrobial immunotherapy has its own benefts and limitations, such as avoidingrecurrence of infection and autoimmunity-induced side efects. Current studies indicate that the various antibacterialtherapeutic strategies inducing immune regulation can achieve superior therapeutic efcacy compared with mono therapy alone. Therefore, summarizing the recent advances in nanomedicine with immunomodulatory functionsfor combating bacterial infections is necessary. Herein, we briefy introduce the crisis caused by drug-resistantbacteria and the opportunity for antibacterial immunotherapy. Then, immune-involved multimodal antibacterialtherapy for the treatment of infectious diseases was systematically summarized. Finally, the prospects and challengesof immune-involved combinational therapy are discussed.