The water-resistant antibacterial PVA nanofibers containing curcumin (Cur) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by electrospinning, and the AgNps were prepared by in situ reduction in the spinning solution. The prepared PVA nanofibers were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). The breathable, hygroscopic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants functions of the prepared nanofibers were evaluated. The results indicated that the prepared nanofiber membrane has high swelling rate, moisture permeability, good mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and bacteriostatic activities with no cytotoxicity. Curcumin and AgNPs in the prepared nanofiber have effect on antibacterial activity and wound healing. The functionalized silver nanoparticles developed have effective activities against both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. In short, Cur/AgNPs composite nanofibers can be used as a potential medical dressing with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.