Large-scale material extrusion additive manufacturing is a promising alternative to the wooden mold industry, which faces challenges such as poor working conditions and an aging workforce. However, the current commercial single-screw extrusion heads have limitations owing to their weight and volume, requiring the use of expensive equipment. This study proposes the development of a twin-screw extrusion head that can be easily installed on an existing large-scale CNC milling machine, creating a prototype for additive manufacturing based on screw extrusion. The developed prototype is used to evaluate the extrusion additive manufacturing of ABS polymer composite material impregnated with glass fiber, the mechanical properties of printed specimens, the microstructure of the specimen fracture surface, and the performance of additive manufacturing shape implementation. The experiment confirmed that the proposed system achieved precision in the laminated shape and mechanical performance and could replace the wood pattern process in the existing wooden mold industry.