This study was conducted to investigate the types and harmfulness of fungal strains through investigation of biological harmful factors. Fungi were isolated from aerosols, walls, windows, and soil samples in the tropical plant exhibition hall of the Korean National Arboretum Tropical Exhibition. Fungal isolates were identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis through Macrogen, Korea. In total, 74 fungal isolates were isolated. Among them, 9 fungal isolates were human pathogenic, 12 were phytopathogenic, and 4 were beneficial. Penicillium sp. was the most identified fungal isolate among the isolated fungal isolates. Additionally, Chaetomium spp., Cladosporium spp., and Aspergillus spp were also discovered, which are reported as harmful molds causing allergic reactions such as asthma and aspergillosis in humans. Moreover, these harmful molds have severe effects on the elderly and children with weak immunity. Studies regarding the development of a database of fungi beneficial and harmful to plants and humans are necessary. This study was conducted to gather inputs to build such a database containing holistic information and a brief categorization of fungal isolates and to add useful insights in the analysis of beneficial and harmful fungal isolates from different sources.