Chinese academies developed to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and new changes gradually took place in the way of property management. The provincial capital academies built by provincial officials in the Ming Dynasty were established spontaneously by the localities, and it was difficult to obtain stable financial support from the central or local governments. Therefore, their property management continued. The traditional funding model for school fields since the Song and Yuan Dynasties is to obtain stable land rent income through the purchase of school fields. After the Yong zheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty implemented the financial reform of "returning consumption and envy to the public" and the official promulgation of the provincial capital academies system, each province had its own public funds for public expenditure, and the provincial capital academies became the expenditure items of local funds, and its funding structure became diversified. , new chang es also took place in the way of property management, the mode of funding for school fields tended to decline, and capital lending and earning interest became the main source. Since then, the funds of the provincial capital academy have become more abundant, and the status of the cultural and educational center of the province has been established, laying the foundation for the reform of the educational system in the 19th century. foundation.
中国书院发展至明清时期, 财产经营方式逐渐发生新的变化. 明代由省级 官员建设的省会书院属于地方自发设立, 难以得到来自中央或地方政府稳定 的财政经费支持, 因此其财产经营延续了宋元以来传统的学田经费模式, 通 过置办学田来获取稳定的地租收入. 清代雍正朝实施“耗羡归公”财政改革以 及正式颁行省会书院制度后, 各省有了自行支配的公项经费用于公共开支, 省 会书院成为地方经费的支出之项, 其经费结构走向多元, 财产经营方式也发 生新的变化, 学田经费模式走向式微, 资本放贷生息成为主要来源. 从此, 省 会书院的经费更加充裕, 确立了一省文化教育中心的地位, 为19世纪的教育 体制变革奠定了基础.