从世界上最不发达国家之一发展成世界科技强国, 韩国创造了人类发展史上的奇迹, 中国 和韩国作为东亚的邻国, 地理上一衣带水, 两国在历史、社会、文化上具有共同的基础, 养 老保险制度的结构和内容也有很多相似之处。作为社会保障系统的核心, 养老保险系统的发 展过程通常可以反映国家或地区社会保障系统的发展和政策选择。韩国自1960年代实施公 共养老保险制度以来, 经历了数次调整和改革, 逐步扩大覆盖范围, 逐渐建立起多支柱的养 老保障体系, 并形成了独有的特色。中国的养老保险制度在新中国成立之初就已确立, 但由 于各种原因, 养老保险制度体系不完善, 并存在很多需要解决的问题。本文结合了中国养老 保险制度和韩国公共养老保险制度的基本概念和历史发展过程, 考察了中韩两国养老保险的 牢固背景和历史发展过程。对两国养老保险制度的异同进行了比较分析, 明确了中国养老保 险制度存在的问题, 为深入了解中韩两国的基本养老保险制度提出了建议和意见、总结了韩 国在完善中国养老保险制度方面的成功经验和失败经验, 有助于拓宽中国视野, 重新认识和 改革养老保险制度, 进一步完善中国养老保险制度。
From one of the least developed countries in the world to a world power in science and technology, ROK has created a miracle in the history of human development. As neighbors of East Asia, PRC and ROK are geographically separated. The two countries have a common foundation in history, society and culture. The structure and content of the pension insurance system also have many similarities. As the core of the social security system, the development process of the endowment insurance system can usually reflect the development and policy choices of the national or regional social security system. Since the implementation of the public pension insurance system in the 1960s, ROK has undergone several adjustments and reforms, gradually expanded its coverage, gradually established a multi-pillar pension security system, and formed its unique characteristics. PRC’s pension insurance system has been established since the founding of the PRC, but due to various reasons, the pension insurance system is not perfect, and there are many problems to be solved. This paper combines the basic concepts and historical development process of China’s pension insurance system and ROK’s public pension insurance system, and examines the solid background and historical development process of PRC and ROK’s pension insurance. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the pension insurance systems of the two countries, clarifies the existing problems of PRC’s pension insurance system, puts forward suggestions and opinions for in-depth understanding of the basic pension insurance systems of PRC and ROK, and summarizes the successful and failed experience of ROK in improving PRC’s pension insurance system, which will help broaden PRC’s vision, re-recognize and reform the pension insurance system, and further improve PRC’s pension insurance system.