Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a known subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis, characterized by the presence of nasal polyps with eosinophilic infiltration. It is a refractory disease that often fails to resolve even with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and is closely associated with late-onset-bronchial asthma. Thus, this disease is clinically important, and often concurrent treatment for both ECRS and asthma is necessary. We call such total airway treatment, “Airway Medicine.” The comorbid inflammation is another aspect of the “one airway, one disease” concept. We recently reported on the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for ECRS patients with late-onset-bronchial asthma. On the other hand, ECRS is characterized by easy recurrence of nasal polyps, even after ESS. The endpoints of ESS are different from those for other types of CRS. Full-House ESS is necessary for ECRS, because of the more difficult drug delivery associated with reduction of the mucosal surface area of the ethmoid sinus. Complete ESS and Airway Medicine can potentially decrease the recurrence rate of ECRS.