Childhood brain tumors often cause neurocognitive dysfunction due to the tumor itself, the effects of treatments such as radiation therapy, hydrocephalus, social factors such as long-term hospitalization, and neurological complications such as paralysis, ataxia, hearing loss, decreased vision, or ocular motility disorders. Neurocognitive dysfunction leads to unfavorable social situations during education and work and hinders social independence. Social conditions result in psychological distress, and depression scales are reported to be higher in pediatric brain tumor survivors when compared with their siblings. Even after a long duration following diagnosis, the pediatric brain tumor survivorʼs risk of death is higher than that of the healthy population. Recurrence, prognosis of the primary disease, and subsequent neoplasms are most the common causes for this. The effects of radiation therapy and late complications (e.g., epilepsy or cerebrovascular accidents) develop long after treatment. Careful follow-up for long duration after treatment is, thus, required. Recently, treatment focusing on prevention of neurocognitive dysfunction has been preferred. In order to improve the quality of life of patients who will undergo treatment in the future as well as that of patients who have already been treated, it is important to create a systematic follow-up system in which pediatricians, brain surgeons, psychiatrists, rehabilitation doctors, and paramedical staffs can collaborate and share valuable information.