Block copolymers spontaneously form nanoscale periodic structures through microphase separation. Precise alignment control of nanostructures plays an important role to achieve anisotropic functional materials. Recently, we have reported the unidirectional alignment of microphase-separated structures of liquid-crystalline (LC) block copolymers on an alignment layer. Besides, we have proposed a simple and powerful method for controlling molecular alignment of LC polymers termed scanning wave photopolymerization. Photopolymerization in a selected area induces molecular diffusion leading to the uniform alignment of anisotropic molecules along the diffusion direction. In this study, we synthesized LC block copolymers by scanning wave photopolymerization, and investigated formation behavior of the microphase-separated structures.