The Hogojutakusha system was established in 1951 under the Child Welfare Act to provide aftercare for older dependent children. Hogojutakusha refer to the “vocational parent (Shokuoya)” who lived with an older child requiring protection or accepted a child from a child welfare institution or foster parents to provide vocational guidance toward independence. Soon after its establishment, the number of registered Hogojutakusha increased, exceeding 2,500; however, the system fell into decline in the following ten years and was abolished in 2004. This study aims to clarify the role and problems of aftercare by Hogojutakusha during the children’s independence process by focusing on the relevant aftercare practices. The responsibilities included direct guidance to the consigned children, and many of them lived with these children, enabling them to grasp their individuality and characteristics and leading them to stable employment. Conversely, because of Hogojutakusha’s characteristics, they were limited to small and medium-sized offices and were unable to respond to the children’s needs and changes in the working environment, including the large economic burden on the them.