The purpose of this study is to reinterpret the thought system and its meaning of revolution of Donghak inherent in the Donghak Peasant Revolution. To this end, while revealing the meaning of the existing Donghak Peasant Revolution, at the same time reestablishing the concept of revolution inherent in Donghak thought. In addition, the true value of Donghak culture and its influence will be reexamined. The contents of this study were as follows. First, the revolution of Donghak was an external reform. This reform was meant to reform the political and social contradictions of the late Joseon Dynasty at the time to open a world where everyone enjoys free and equal rights. To this end, they demanded changes and reforms in the political and social ruling system according to the logic of justice. In addition, it sought to establish the principle of fair economic distribution as a demand for change in the economic system. Second, the revolution of Donghak was an internal reform. The inner revolution was to reform oneself anew and return it to its original state. The original state means the true self that exists inside oneself. Therefore, the inner revolution refers to self-change, in other words, to realize and recover one’s true self by escaping from one’s ignorance. This is the teaching of Sicheonju, the enlightenment of Suun, and the meaning of Osimjeugyeosim(吾心卽汝心). The results of this study were as follows. We tried to see the revolution of Donghak mainly from the external aspect. And the meaning revealed in the external aspect was defined as the revolution of Donghak. However, the foundation of Donghak was an inner revolution. And it was the birth of a new human waiting for the true Donghak culture of the Gaebyeok again. The true meaning of revolution in Donghak was the act of constantly introspecting oneself personally and striving to have a mindset dreaming of happiness in a community while waiting for a new world to be newly implemented by new humans.