The Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, is considered to have left a great footprint in Japan’s cartographic history. Nagakubo Sekisui, a cartographer and scholar of Chinese classics, completed this map after studying the historical materials for over twenty years. Since its first publication in 1779, the map was reprinted many times for about a century until the early Meiji period of the 1870s. In this study, I have discussed the map’s position in Japan’s cartographic history, looked into the life and works of Sekisui and the production process of the map, cartographically analysed its contents and features, and examined Ulleungdo and Dokdo represented in the map’s different editions. I have discovered that the Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu described Ulleungdo and Dokdo as belonging to the territory of Chosen until its fifth edition, published in 1840.