Peer violence remains a significant social problem despite government measures to eradicate violence among children. This study aims to examine whether the relationship with teachers moderates the mediation of social withdrawal in the pathway from violent parenting to peer violence victimization. A total of 2,378 6th-grade students from the 3rd wave of the 4th-grade elementary school panel of the 2010 Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey was used. According to the findings, children exposed to more violent parenting tend to be socially withdrawn, but this influence differs according to their relationship with teachers. Second, violent parenting and social withdrawal had a significant impact on peer violence victimization, and in the model, the relationship with teachers did not moderate the association between violent parenting and peer violence victimization. Third, the relationship with teachers has a mediated moderation effect on the pathway from violent parenting to peer violence victimization through social withdrawal. These findings prove critically significant for teachers involved with children in at-risk situations. Practical discussions are presented.