朝鲜通过制定修改外国投资企业的相关法律法规及下位法的规定,已经形成了相对独立的对外经济法律体系. 并通过对特区开发制度、税收制度、仲裁制度、劳动管理制度等方面的立法活动,为外国人投资提供了一定的法律环境. 但朝鲜的外商投资法律体系尚不稳定,法律救济途径不健全. 所以,中国企业在朝鲜投资的实践中,存在企业设立、投保、知识产权保护、劳动力聘用、违约金处理、外汇转移、纠纷解决等方面的法律问题. 如某些中国投资者与朝鲜企业签订合同,按合同向朝鲜企业注入企业资本,相关审批手续全权委托朝方企业进行,但经营一段时间,朝鲜政府却因企业未经政府许可而不予认可,企业不仅没有利润,连投资成本也收不回来. 又如由于朝鲜职工的工资不直接向职工支付,而通过朝鲜政府机关支付,职工并不把企业命运和自身利益挂勾,工作态度散漫,不愿意加班. 为了进一步提高职工的积极性,除了支付工资之外,需要通过其他的奖励措施予以调动,另外,也可以与朝鲜政府协商,采取计件方式发放工资. 企业到国外进行投资的根本目的在于获得比国内投资更加丰厚了利润,但任何投资都存在法律风险,特别是对外投资因其复杂性和不透明性,其风险更大并不可预测. 因此,中国企业投资朝鲜,应从中国政府和企业自身两个层面寻求可行的防范措施. 首先,建立和完善中国海外投资保护机制,中国政府可以通过完善海外投资保险制度、中朝双边投资协定等方式完善中国海外投资保护机制;其次,中国企业投资朝鲜应当注意以下几个方面:企业准确定位;与朝鲜政府职权相关的事宜委托朝鲜企业办理,但应明确朝鲜政府许可与否;与朝鲜政府签订投资协议时应明确合营或合作对象的选定、投资项目建设选址的决定权、工资发放方式等事项;第三,中国企业投资朝鲜产生的纠纷主要应仲裁解决;第四,贯彻国际条约优先原则,解决法律冲突问题.
North Korea has formed a relative independent foreign economic and legal system by modifying the laws and regulations of foreign investment enterprises and the provisions of the lower-level law. It also provides a legal environment for foreigners to invest in North Korea through the development of d.c., tax system, arbitration system, labor management and other legislative activities. But the legal system of foreign investment in north Korea is not stable, and the legal remedy way is not sound. Therefore, there are legal issues in the aspects of enterprise establishment, insurance, intellectual property protection, labor employment, liquidated damages, foreign exchange transfer and dispute resolution in the practice of Chinese enterprises investing in north Korea. The fundamental purpose of an enterprise to invest abroad is to gain more profit than domestic investment, but legal risks exist in any investment, especially the complexity and opacity of foreign investment. Hence, Chinese enterprises should seek feasible preventive measures from both the Chinese government and the enterprises themselves. First, establish and improve China's overseas investment protection mechanism. Chinese government can improve China's overseas investment protection mechanism through optimizing the overseas investment insurance system, bilateral investment agreement between China and the DPRK and assisting north Korea in continuing to perfect the legal system of foreign economy. Second, Chinese enterprises should pay attention to several issues, such as accurate positioning of Chinese enterprises, North Korean enterprises are entrusted with matters related to the north Korean government, when signing an investment agreement with the north Korean government, it is necessary to specify the selection of the joint venture or cooperative object, the decision of the site selection of the investment project, and the way of salary payment. Third, the dispute at Chinese enterprises investing in north Korea should be settled by arbitration. Fourth, We should implement the priority principles of international treaties and resolve legal conflicts.