The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the usefulness and interactive detection of organizational members through social media interaction and the performance of organizational members, and to reveal the mediating effect of organizational-based self-esteem. Specifically, this study assumed that the usefulness and interactive detection of organizational members have a significant impact on organizational-based self-esteem, and as a result, it will have a positive effect on the task and context performance of organizational members. To test the hypothesis of this study, a survey was conducted on workers at public institutions, large companies, and small and medium-sized enterprises located in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Honan in China. The survey was conducted by sharing the link to the online questionnaire, and a total of 468 copies were used for the final analysis, excluding the responses with errors. The research analysis was analyzed using structural equation model using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of the hypothesis test showed that organizational members' usefulness and interactive detection had a positive (+) effect on organizational-based self-esteem, respectively, and organizational-based self-esteem had a positive (+) significant effect on organizational members' task and context performance. In addition, organizational-based self-esteem was tested to have a mediating effect on the effect of usefulness detection and interactive detection on task performance and context performance. Based on the results of this empirical analysis, academic and practical implications for the use of social media in organizations were discussed as influencing factors that improve the performance of organizational members. Organizations can strengthen their activities and induce positive effects on performance by creating social media platforms or supporting activities that can be communication between members. In other words, it shows that social media activities can be part of the socialization process at the organizational level and should be managed as a valuable means of bringing about performance at the members and organizational level.